PESTEL analysis

                          (  Framework for analysing sources of opportunities and threats )

• Political

• Economic

• Social

• Technological

• Environmental

• Legal

Organization can use PESTEL analysis as a framework for analysing the general business environment (Macro - environmental), and the opportunities and threats present in the environment. 

Political  : Government decision and policies such as changes in competition policies and consumer policies

Economic : Impact of the economic cycle (Recession or economic growth), inflation , interest rate , tax rate, foreign exchange rates, 

Social : Demographics, changes in tastes or culture (Demographic changes can affect workforces as well as consumers)

Technological : Changes in technology that affect ways of working, or the types of products and services demanded.

Environmental or Ecological : Green issues such as pollution, climate change, environmental regulation, consumer attitudes to products (environmentally friendly, sustainable etc.)

Legal : Laws and regulation, including any changes to them (eg. employment law, health and safety , data protection)

                                                                                                    (Reference : ACCA text book)

COSTING RUN PROCESS IN SAP

Costing runs enable to user to simultaneously cost and analyze multiple materials, and update them in the material master.

 The first step in creating the costing run is establishing the general data.

Costing Run Steps:

Choose # Accounting  > Controlling > Product Cost Controlling  > Product Cost Planning  > Material Costing > Costing Run > Edit Costing Run

Edit Costing Run (CK40N)

Screeen 1 : General Data

a)    Costing variant :  

b)    Company code,

c)     Transfer control ID.

Screen 2 : Process Flow

a)       Material selection ( Selecting Materials for a Costing Run )

b)       BOM explosion ( Exploding BOMs for a Costing Run )

c)       Costing ( Executing the Costing Run )

d)       Analysis ( Analyzing the Costing Run )

e)       Price update ( Updating Prices )

Costing Run Procedure

Without Reference

1.      Choose # Accounting  > Controlling > Product Cost Controlling  > Product Cost Planning  > Material Costing > Costing Run > Edit Costing Run

The Edit Costing Run screen appears.

2.      Choose # Costing Run >Create

The Create Costing Run screen appears.

3.      Enter the following data:

a)       A name for the costing run

b)       A description

c)       Date of the costing run

4.      Enter the following data on the Costing data tab:

a)       Costing variant used to create and valuate the quantity structure and calculate overhead. The costing variant also determines whether the costing results can be written to the material master record.

b)       Costing version

c)       The controlling area and company code

If cross-company costing has been activated in Customizing for Product Cost Planning, you can transfer existing cost estimates from other company codes within the active controlling area.

d)       If applicable, the transfer control ID for the transfer of existing cost estimate

The transfer control ID is proposed from the costing variant. The costing variant also specifies whether the transfer control ID can be changed at this point.

e)       If applicable, the server group for parallel processing

5.      Press ENTER.

6.      Check the proposed costing dates in the tab page Dates (quantity structure date, valuation date and costing validity period) and change them if necessary.

*Note

The costing dates proposed are based on date control and date of the costing run. However, you can still change the dates if the appropriate setting has been made in date control.

7.      Save the costing run.

With Reference

Choose # Accounting  > Controlling > Product Cost Controlling  > Product Cost Planning  > Material Costing > Costing Run > Edit Costing Run

The Edit Costing Run screen appears.

1.      Choose With Reference.

The Create Costing Run screen appears.

2.      Enter the following data:

o    A name for the costing run

o    A description

o    Date of the costing run

3.      Under Copy from, enter the costing run (and its date) to be used as the reference.

4.      Press ENTER.

The system proposes the dates of the costing run reference on the Costing dates and Dates tabs.

5.      Check these dates and change them if necessary.

6.      Save the costing run.

TCODE	Description	Functional Area
CK40N	Edit costing run	CO - Product Cost Planning
CK11N	Create Material Cost Estimate	CO - Product Cost Planning
CK44	Delete costing run	CO - Product Cost Planning
CK31	Print Log of costing run	CO - Product Cost Planning
CK41	Create costing run	CO - Product Cost Planning
S_ALR_87099930	Analyze costing run	CO - Product Cost Controlling Information System
CK42	Change costing run	CO - Product Cost Planning
S_ALR_87099932	Variances Between costing runs	CO - Product Cost Controlling Information System
CK68	Release costing run	CO - Product Cost Planning
S_ALR_87099931	Analyze costing run	CO - Product Cost Controlling Information System
CK43	Display costing run	CO - Product Cost Planning
CKMLRUNDEL	Delete costing run (Actual Costing)	CO - Actual Costing/Material Ledger
CK45	Delete costing run in Background	CO - Product Cost Planning
CKRU03	ML costing run, Display Profile	CO - Actual Costing/Material Ledger
CKRU05	Display ML costing run	CO - Actual Costing/Material Ledger
CKRU00	Create ML costing run	CO - Actual Costing/Material Ledger
CKRU07	Plants in costing runs	CO - Actual Costing/Material Ledger
CKRU02	ML costing run, Change Profile	CO - Actual Costing/Material Ledger
CKRU06	Delete ML costing run	CO - Actual Costing/Material Ledger
CKRU01	ML costing run, Create Profile	CO - Actual Costing/Material Ledger
MM01	Create Material &	LO - Material Master
MM02	Change Material &	LO - Material Master
FERT	Flow of cost trace	FI - Financial Accounting
MM03	Display Material &	LO - Material Master
KP26	Change Plan Data for Activity Types	CO - Cost Center Accounting
MR21	Price Change	MM - Invoice Verification
KO88	Actual Settlement: Order	CO - Overhead Cost Orders
CK24	Price Update with Cost Estimate	CO - Product Cost Planning
CKR1	Reorganization in Product costing	CO - Product Cost Planning
CK13N	Display Material Cost Estimate	CO - Product Cost Planning
OKTZ	Cost Comp. Str (View Cluster Maint.)	CO - Product Cost Planning
OKKN	costing Variants for Product costing	CO - Product Cost Planning
OKK4	Valuation Variants for Prod. costing	CO - Product Cost Planning
MIGO	Goods Movement	MM - Inventory Management
F110	Parameters for Automatic Payment	FI - Financial Accounting
MD04	Display Stock/Requirements Situation	PP - Master Data
RSA1	Modeling - DW Workbench	BW - Data Warehousing Workbench
VA02	Change Sales Order	SD - Sales
CKMI_RUN	Post Closing for costing run	CO - Actual Costing/Material Ledger
OKB9	Change Automatic Account Assignment	CO - Overhead Cost Controlling
CKMLCP	Cockpit Actual costing	CO - Actual Costing/Material Ledger
KKAX	WIP Calculation for Order	CO - Cost Object Controlling
KGI2	Act. Overhead: Int.Order Ind.Pro	CO - Overhead Cost Controlling
KL01	Create Activity Type	CO - Overhead Cost Controlling
OPL1	costing Variants: PP Prod. Order	CO - Product Cost Planning
CK94	Change Mixing Ratio	CO - Product Cost Planning
CK91N	Edit Procurement Alternatives	CO - Actual Costing/Material Ledger
KALNRCHECK	Consist. Check for costing run Nos.	CO - Actual Costing/Material Ledger
CKMLRUNCUMDEL	Delete costing run cumulation	CO - Actual Costing/Material Ledger
CKMB_RUN	Create Basic List for costing run	CO - Actual Costing/Material Ledger
CKMLRUNREORG	Reorganization of costing runs	CO - Actual Costing/Material Ledger